Tertullian’s On Baptism

Tertullian, the founder of Latin Christianity and a man of great intellect, was born in Carthage to a proconsular centurion sometime around A.D. 145. He was likely educated in Rome as an expert in law and joined the Church around 185, becoming a presbyter in 190. His writings profoundly influenced Augustine and Cyprian who, in turn, provided inspiration to the Reformers in Europe and in the Anglican Church. 

In his later years Tertullian embraced Montanism, a movement, labeled a heresy by the Church, which claimed to have further revelation from the Holy Spirit, held to a strict moral code, and elevated female prophets. Tertullian perhaps embraced this because he was discontent with the orthodox church of his day and found the uncompromising morality of Montanism appealing. Despite this, he is recognized as the founder of Latin Christianity and an incredibly influential Christian thought leader and writer.

In this short work Tertullian addresses the nature of baptism, answers a few questions, and provides practical advice on how to administer the sacrament. Tertullian assigns real spiritual significance to Baptism, expressing the belief that it sanctifies and washes away sins. His position is similar to a straightforward reading of 1 Peter, though he provides a more detailed explanation of the way in which the spirit is present throughout the rite. Interestingly, Tertullian does not appear to favor infant baptism. While he describes sponsors having baptized young children, Tertullian cautions against this practice, believing that it is wiser to wait until a child is old enough to understand the significance of their decision.

And now, please enjoy this rendition of Tertullian’s On Baptism.

If you would like to read more of the writings of the Early Christian Fathers, please visit ccel.org to view the full collection.